Yinlai Decoction Protects Microstructure of Colon and Regulates Serum Level of D-Lactic Acid in Pneumonia Mice Fed with High-Calorie and High-Protein Diet / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Yinlai Decoction (YD) on the microstructure of colon, and activity of D-lactic acid (DLA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum of pneumonia mice model fed with high-calorie and high-protein diet (HCD).@*METHODS@#Sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups by the random number table method: normal control, pneumonia, HCD, HCD with pneumonia (HCD-P), YD (229.2 mg/mL), and dexamethasone (15.63 mg/mL) groups, with 10 in each group. HCD mice were fed with 52% milk solution by gavage. Pneumonia mice was modeled with lipopolysaccharide inhalation and was fed by gavage with either the corresponding therapeutic drugs or saline water, twice daily, for 3 days. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the changes in the colon structure were observed under light microscopy and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the protein levels of DLA and DAO in the serum of mice.@*RESULTS@#The colonic mucosal structure and ultrastructure of mice in the normal control group were clear and intact. The colonic mucosal goblet cells in the pneumonia group tended to increase, and the size of the microvilli varied. In the HCD-P group, the mucosal goblet cells showed a marked increase in size with increased secretory activity. Loose mucosal epithelial connections were also observed, as shown by widened intercellular gaps with short sparse microvilli. These pathological changes of intestinal mucosa were significantly reduced in mouse models with YD treatment, while there was no significant improvement after dexamethasone treatment. The serum DLA level was significantly higher in the pneumonia, HCD, and HCD-P groups as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). Serum DLA was significantly lower in the YD group than HCD-P group (P<0.05). Moreover, serum DLA level significantly increased in the dexamethasone group as compared with the YD group (P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the serum level of DAO among groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#YD can protect function of intestinal mucosa by improving the tissue morphology of intestinal mucosa and maintaining integrity of cell connections and microvilli structure, thereby reducing permeability of intestinal mucosa to regulate the serum levels of DLA in mice.

Long-term trend of viral hepatitis mortality and potential years of life lost in Jing’an District of Shanghai， 1976-2015 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the long-term trend of viral hepatitis mortality in Jing’an District of Shanghai， and to provide a reference for viral hepatitis prevention and control. Methods:Mortality rate， standard mortality rate， PYLL and potential years of life lost rate （PYLL‰） of viral hepatitis in Jing’an district of Shanghai from 1976 to 2015 were calculated. The annual percent change （APC） of the mortality and PYLL‰ were analyzed by Joinpoint regression analysis. Results:From 1976 to 2015， there were 1 342 viral hepatitis death cases， including 832 males and 510 females. The average crude mortality rate was 8.31/100 000， and the average age-standardized mortality rate was 5.45/100 000. Among the deaths of viral hepatitis， men had a higher mortality rate， age-standardized mortality rate and PYLL% than women （χ2Pearson=107.34， 112.93， 39.15， all P<0.01）， men were mainly in the age group of 35-64 years （accounted for 62.62%）， while women were mainly in the age group of 65 years and above （accounted for 55.49 %）， and the average death age of men was earlier than that of women （by rank-sum test： Z=-8.879，P<0.01）. After 1990 （except in 2002）， hepatitis B was the main cause of deaths from viral hepatitis， accounting for 75.00%-100%， and the proportion of other and unclassified cases gradually decreased. Overall， the mortality rate of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1976-2015 （APC=-2.0%，P<0.05）， with the turning point in 2002. The mortality rate of viral hepatitis declined significantly from 2002 to 2015 （APC=-8.1%，P<0.05）. The overall PYLL‰ of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1976-2015 （APC=-3.7%，P<0.05）， with the turning point in 1992. After 1992， the PYLL‰ of viral hepatitis declined significantly during 1992-2015 （APC=-6.5%，P<0.05）. Conclusion:There has been a significant decline trend of viral hepatitis in the mortality rate in Jing’an District of Shanghai from 2002 to 2015， with hepatitis B as the main cause of death.

Effects of different doses of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on trefoil factor 1, mucin 5AC and epidermal growth factor receptor in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of different doses of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on serum trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) levels, as well as the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastric mucosa of rats with spleen deficiency syndrome, therefore, to explore the possible mechanism and the dose-effect characteristics of ginger-partitioned moxibustion in spleen deficiency syndrome. Methods: Seventy-five SPF grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (group A), a model group (group B), a 3 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion group (group C1), a 6 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion group (group C2) and a 9 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion group (group C3) using random number table method, 15 rats in each group. Except group A, rats in the other groups received intragastric administration of 4 ℃200% concentrated Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) to prepare spleen deficiency syndrome model. After successful modeling, rats in group B received no treatment; rats in group C1, C2 and C3 were treated with 3, 6 and 9 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Zhongwan (CV 12) respectively for 8 continuous days. The general symptom score of rats was observed. The serum levels of TFF1 and MUC5AC were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of EGFR protein in gastric mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: After the treatment, compared with group A, the spleen deficiency symptom score was increased in group B, the levels of serum TFF1 and MUC5AC, the EGFR protein expression in gastric tissues of group C1, C2 and C3 were significantly increased (all P<0.01); compared with group B, the spleen deficiency scores were decreased in group C1, C2 and C3, and the serum levels of TFF1 and MUC5AC, as well as EGFR protein expression in gastric tissues were increased (all P<0.01). Compared with group C1, the spleen deficiency scores were decreased in group C2 and C3, the serum levels of TFF1 and MUC5AC, and the expression of EGFR protein in gastric tissues were increased (all P<0.01), however, there was no significant difference between group C2 and C3 (all P>0.05). The mechanism may be related to the increase of serum TFF1 and MUC5AC levels and activation of EGFR protein. Conclusion: Ginger-partitioned moxibustion can improve the symptoms, as well as promote the proliferation and repair of gastric mucosa in rats with spleen deficiency. The therapeutic efficacy of 6 or 9 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion is better than that of 3 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion, while the efficacies are equivalent between 6 and 9 moxa-cone ginger-partitioned moxibustion groups.

Expression of aquaporins 1, 3, 8, 9 mRNA in human fetal membranes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of aquaporin (AQP)-1, 3, 8, 9 in human fetal membrane and their role in the human amniotic fluid circulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RT-PCR was employed for detection of the expressions of AQP-1, 3, 8, 9 mRNA in human amnion and chorion from 20 women with normal term pregnancy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AQP-1, 3, 8, 9 mRNA expression was detected in both human amnion and chorion, and no significant difference was found in their expression levels or between the amnion and chorion (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AQP-1, 3, 8, 9 can be associated with intramembranous transport and volume regulation of amniotic fluid.</p>

Prophylaxis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by intra-amniotic administration of pulmonary surfactant / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is caused by a deficiency in pulmonary surfactant (PS) and is one of the main reasons of neonatal mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-amniotic administration of pulmonary surfactant for prophylaxis of NRDS.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five pregnant women who were due for preterm delivery and whose fetuses' lungs proved immature were divided into two groups. Fifteen women (study group) were administered one dose of pulmonary surfactant injected into the amniotic cavity and delivered within several hours. Nothing was injected into the amniotic cavity of 30 women of the control group. The proportion of neonatal asphyxia, NRDS, mortality and the time in hospital were analyzed to determine if there was any difference between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference between the two groups for neonatal asphyxia. Foam tests showed that higher proportion of neonates in the study group than in the control group (56.3% vs 13.3%, P < 0.05) had lung maturity. A greater number of control neonates (11/30, 32.3%) had NRDS, compared with the neonates given PS via the amniotic cavity before delivery (1/16, 6.3%, P < 0.05). The neonates in the study group spent nearly 10 days less in hospital than the control group [(32.4 +/- 7.6) days vs (42.0 +/- 15.7) days, P < 0.05], but the difference in mortality between the two groups was not statistically significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intra-amniotic administration of pulmonary surfactant can significantly reduce the proportion of NRDS and the time in hospital of preterm neonates. Whether this method can reduce the mortality of preterm neonates needs to be evaluated further. Intra-amniotic administration of pulmonary surfactant provides an additional effectual means for NRDS prophylaxis.</p>

Influential factors of systemic lupus erythematosus activity during pregnancy and its relationship with pregnancy outcome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the influential factors of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) activity during pregnancy and their relationship with pregnancy outcome.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical history of 66 pregnant women with SLE from 1991 to 2005 was carried out.Results(1) Those patients with unstable status progestation,patients being newly diagnosed with SLE during pregnancy or patients irregularly using prednisone became active during pregnancy.The disease was active in 32 cases(the active group)and inactive in 34 cases(the inactive group).(2)Obstetric complications in the active group included:9 cases of preeclampsia,13 cases of fetal growth restriction(FGR),7 cases of therapeutic abortion and 15 cases of premature labor;and the corresponding numbers in the inactive group were 1,5,1 and 4, respectively.All the numbers were significantly different between the two groups(P